Environmental data

Environmental data

 

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

[A]

Greenhouse gas emissions comprise carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride and nitrogen trifluoride. The data are calculated using locally regulated methods where they exist. Where there is no locally regulated method, the data are calculated using the 2009 Compendium, which is the recognised industry standard under the Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. There are inherent limitations to the accuracy of such data. Oil and gas industry guidelines (IPIECA/API/) indicate that a number of sources of uncertainty can contribute to the overall uncertainty of a corporate emissions inventory. 2015 and 2016 emissions are calculated using Global Warming Potential factors from the ’s Fourth Assessment Report. Data for prior years were calculated using Global Warming Potential factors from the IPCC’s Second Assessment Report.

[B]

These emissions were calculated using the market-based approach in line with the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard.

[C]

The term upstream in this context includes assets and activities from our Upstream, Integrated Gas and Oil Sands.

[D]

Nigeria includes onshore operations (0.4 million tonnes flared in 2016) and offshore operations (0.1 million tonnes flared in 2016).

[E]

Flaring from the Majnoon field in Iraq and from Malaysia amounted to 0.9 and 0.1 million tonnes of hydrocarbons respectively in 2016.

[F]

Since 2012, data are prepared in accordance with /API/IOGP guidance 2010. Data for prior years are not directly comparable.

[G]

The data include mining and upgrading operations. The data do not include in-situ production.

[H]

Data are indexed to 2002, based on Solomon Associates Energy Intensity Index 2006 methodology.

[I]

Increase in NOx emissions in 2016 was primarily driven by inclusion of former BG assets in our portfolio as of February 1st, 2016.

[J]

All spill volumes and numbers are for spills over 100 kilograms. Due to the rounding of numbers, spill volumes for Nigeria and the rest of the world might not add up to the exact total volume of spills.

[K]

As of the end of March 2017, there were five spills under investigation in Nigeria that may result in adjustments.

[L]

All sabotage- and theft-related spills have occurred in Nigeria except in 2016 (0.001 thousand tonnes), 2015 (0.005 thousand tonnes), and 2007 (0.7 thousand tonnes).

[M]

Nigeria includes SPDC onshore operations and SNEPCo offshore operations. A single spill at the Bonga field offshore Nigeria amounted to 4.8 thousand tonnes in 2011.

[N]

Nigeria includes SPDC onshore operations (5 operational spills in 2016) and SNEPCo offshore operations (2 operational spills in 2016).

[O]

In 2016, we sent waste offsite for recycling or reuse, or sold around 650 thousand tonnes of material that would otherwise have been disposed of as waste.

n/c = not calculated.

Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Direct total GHGs (million tonnes  equivalent) [A]

70

72

76

73

72

74

76

69

75

82

Carbon dioxide (CO2) (million tonnes)

67

68

73

71

69

71

72

66

72

79

Methane (CH4) (thousand tonnes)

123

119

126

120

93

133

128

127

126

119

Nitrous oxide (N2O) (thousand tonnes)

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (tonnes)

21

18

16

17

23

22

23

25

23

28

Energy indirect total GHGs (million tonnes CO2 equivalent) [B]

11

9

10

10

9

10

9

9

n/c

n/c

Flaring

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flaring (Upstream) (million tonnes CO2 equivalent) [C]

7.6

11.8

13.0

7.4

7.7

10.0

10.4

7.8

8.8

9.7

Flaring (Upstream) (million tonnes hydrocarbon flared) [C]

2.3

3.5

3.8

2.1

2.3

3.4

3.6

2.6

2.8

3.4

Nigeria [D]

0.5

0.9

1.3

1.1

1.5

2.0

2.4

1.9

2.3

2.5

Rest of the world [E]

1.8

2.6

2.5

1.0

0.8

1.4

1.2

0.7

0.5

0.9

Energy intensity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Upstream excl. oil sands, and (gigajoules per tonne production) [C], [F]

1.02

0.83

0.87

0.89

0.83

0.75

0.74

0.76

0.74

0.78

Oil sands (gigajoules per tonne production) [G]

5.5

5.8

6.3

6.5

6.6

6.4

6.8

6.6

6.4

5.7

Refineries: Refinery Energy Index [H]

95.4

95.4

94.9

95.6

98.4

100.8

101.8

102.2

98.9

98.6

Chemical plants: Chemicals Energy Index

91.0

91.6

90.3

89.8

91.7

90.8

89.3

92.0

93.0

92.6

Acid gases and VOCs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sulphur oxides (SOx) (thousand tonnes SO2)

83

88

97

99

113

136

139

141

175

212

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) (thousand tonnes NO2) [I]

122

104

146

156

147

146

159

142

150

145

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (thousand tonnes)

146

125

151

89

89

129

147

126

130

148

Ozone-depleting emissions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CFCs/halons/trichloroethane (tonnes)

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

1.4

0.6

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) (tonnes)

8

8

6

8

8

12

21

24

26

27

Spills and discharges [J] [K]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sabotage spills – volume (thousand tonnes) [L]

0.6

2.2

2.7

2.2

3.3

1.6

3.0

14.0

6.5

3.4

Sabotage spills – number [L]

46

94

139

157

137

118

112

95

115

197

Operational spills – volume (thousand tonnes)

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.9

2.1

6.0

2.9

1.4

8.8

3.5

Nigeria [M]

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.2

5.3

0.7

0.3

7.1

1.6

Rest of the world

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.5

1.9

0.7

2.2

1.1

1.7

1.9

Operational spills – number

71

108

153

174

207

211

195

275

275

392

Nigeria [N]

7

16

38

31

37

64

32

37

42

52

Rest of the world

64

92

115

143

170

147

163

238

233

340

Hurricane spills – volume (thousand tonnes)

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Oil in effluents to surface environment (thousand tonnes)

0.9

1.0

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.6

Water

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fresh water withdrawn (million cubic metres)

195

186

199

198

203

209

202

198

224

235

Fresh water consumed (million cubic metres)

152

141

165

n/c

n/c

n/c

n/c

n/c

n/c

n/c

Waste disposal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hazardous (thousand tonnes)

658

455

529

770

820

740

1,048

962

688

907

Non-hazardous (thousand tonnes)

1,491

1,680

1,674

2,065

2,295

1,850

1,079

1,139

996

1,899

Total waste (thousand tonnes) [O]

2,148

2,135

2,203

2,835

3,115

2,590

2,127

2,101

1,684

2,806

API
American Petroleum Institute
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GHG
greenhouse gas
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IOGP
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
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IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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SPDC
Shell Petroleum Development Company
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SNEPCo
Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company
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IPIECA
the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues
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CO2
carbon dioxide
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LNG
liquefied natural gas
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GTL
gas to liquids
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