Business and property

Our subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are involved in all aspects of upstream activities. These activities include land tenure and the exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. They also include the marketing and transportation of oil and gas, as well as the operation of the infrastructure necessary to deliver them to market.

The conditions of the leases, licences and contracts under which oil and gas interests are held vary from country to country.

In almost all cases outside North America, legal agreements are generally granted by, or entered into with, a government, state-owned company, government-run oil and gas company or agency. The exploration risk usually rests with the independent oil and gas company. In North America, these agreements may also be with private parties that own mineral rights.

Of these agreements, the following are most relevant to our interests:

• Licences (or concessions), which entitle the holder to explore for hydrocarbons and exploit any commercial discoveries. Under a licence, the holder bears the risk of exploration, development and production activities, and is responsible for financing these activities. In principle, the licence holder is entitled to the totality of production less any royalties in kind. The government, state-owned company or government-run oil and gas company may sometimes enter into a joint arrangement as a participant, sharing the rights and obligations of the licence but usually without sharing the exploration risk. In a few cases, the state-owned company, government-run oil and gas company or agency has an option to purchase a certain share of production.
• Lease agreements, which are typically used in North America and are usually governed by terms similar to licences. Participants may include governments or private entities. Royalties are paid either in cash or in kind.
• Production-sharing contracts (PSCs) entered into with a government, state-owned company or government-run oil and gas company. PSCs generally oblige the independent oil and gas company, as contractor, to provide all the financing and bear the risk of exploration, development and production activities in exchange for a share of the production. Usually, this share consists of a fixed or variable part that is reserved for the recovery of the contractor's cost (cost oil). The remaining production is split with the government, state-owned company or government-run oil and gas company on a fixed or volume/revenue-dependent basis. In some cases, the government, state-owned company or government-run oil and gas company will participate in the rights and obligations of the contractor and will share in the costs of development and production. Such participation can be across the venture or on a field-by-field basis. Additionally, as the price of oil or gas increases above certain predetermined levels, the independent oil and gas company's entitlement share of production normally decreases, and vice versa. Accordingly, its interest in a project may not be the same as its entitlement.

Europe

Germany

Shell is a 50% shareholder in BEB Erdgas und Erdoel GmbH & Co. KG (BEB), which owns interests in various concessions, mainly in Lower Saxony. ExxonMobil Production Deutschland GmbH has a service contract with BEB, under which it provides operating services to BEB for most of the concessions.

Italy

Shell has a 39% interest in the Val d'Agri producing concession, operated by ENI S.p.A., and a 25% interest in the Tempa Rossa producing concession, operated by TotalEnergies EP Italia S.p.A.

Netherlands

Shell and ExxonMobil are 50:50 shareholders in Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. (NAM). NAM holds a 60% interest in the onshore low-calorific Groningen gas field (the remaining 40% interest is held by EBN, a Dutch government entity), the Schoonebeek oil field, some 25 smaller hydrocarbon production licences and two underground gas storage facilities.

The Dutch government issues annual gas production instructions for the Groningen field. As per the latest instruction, production has ceased since October 1, 2023. However, the Dutch government has indicated to NAM it could decree a restart of minimal production in exceptional circumstances during the current gas year, which occurred on January 8-10, 2024, for a cold spell of several days.

Historical production from the Groningen field induces earthquakes which have led to damage claims, security concerns, and a strengthening operation to make buildings earthquake resistant. In June 2018, NAM's shareholders and the Dutch government signed a Heads of Agreement (HoA) to inter alia reduce, and eventually cease production from the Groningen field. Under the terms of the HoA, it was agreed that the Dutch government would pass on to NAM costs insofar as the costs corresponded to NAM's liability. Further agreements were signed to implement the HoA. As part of these agreements, Shell guaranteed half of NAM's 60% share of earthquake-related costs for damage claims and the strengthening of buildings. We are currently in discussions with the Dutch government about appropriate financial securities for the longer term as agreed under the HoA.

NAM is working with the Dutch government and other stakeholders to fulfil its obligations to residents of the area. These include compensating for damage caused by the earthquakes and paying to strengthen houses where this is required for safety. In 2022, NAM started arbitrations with the Dutch government to have its financial liability determined for costs which the Dutch government compensated to claimants and subsequently charged to NAM.

In October 2021, NAM announced that it would split up its non-Groningen assets into several new legal entities, with the intent to divest those legal entities. No split-up has occurred to date.

Norway

Shell is a partner in 19 production licences on the Norwegian continental shelf, and the operator of seven of these. We have interests in two producing gas fields: Shell-operated Ormen Lange (Shell interest 17.8%) and Equinor-operated Troll (Shell interest 8.1%). Additionally, we hold an interest in the Equinor-operated Irpa (Shell interest 10%) gas discovery under development. We operate two fields which are being decommissioned, Knarr and Gaupe. We are also the technical service provider for the Nyhamna processing plant, operated by Gassco.

UK

Shell operates a number of assets on the UK continental shelf mostly under unincorporated joint-venture agreements. Shell also has non-operated positions in the West of Shetland area, including Clair (Shell interest 27.97%) and Schiehallion (Shell interest 44.89%). Both Clair and Schiehallion are operated by BP.

In April 2023, Shell restarted operations at the Pierce field (Shell interest 92.5%) in the UK North Sea after a major redevelopment to enable gas production, after years of the field producing only oil. The Haewene Brim floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel, which produces from the Pierce field, is currently shutdown to address an integrity threat to the mooring lines. The work is nearing completion with production expected to resume in the near future.

Progress continues to develop the operated Penguins FPSO vessel (Shell interest 50%) and the Jackdaw platform (Shell interest 100%) in the North Sea. Both are expected to become operational in the mid-2020s.

In November 2023, we completed the sale of our 30% stake in the Cambo field to Ithaca Energy, following regulatory approval. The agreement to sell was signed in September 2023.

During the third quarter of 2023, the UK government announced that the Acorn carbon capture, utilisation and storage project (Shell interest 30%) was selected as one of two clusters to enter "Track 2" of the UK's cluster sequencing process for carbon capture and storage (CCS). In 2024, we expect to start more detailed discussions on the project between the UK government and the Acorn co-venturers. It was also announced that Acorn had received CCS licences from the North Sea Transition Authority for the Acorn East and East Mey CO₂ stores, expanding its transport and storage system's capacity deep beneath the North Sea. In addition, ventures in which Shell has a 50% interest were awarded three carbon storage appraisal licences.

Decommissioning of the Heather A platform and Curlew FPSO asset continued in 2023, and we began a campaign of subsea well plug and abandonment activity to decommission 25 wells in the Central North Sea. All remaining staff left Brent Charlie on October 6, 2023, bringing 47 years of continuous presence on Brent installations to an end. We expect the topside to be lifted in 2024. The Offshore Petroleum Regulator for Environment and Decommissioning (OPRED) continues to assess the Brent Field decommissioning programme for the Brent gravity-based substructures.

Rest of Europe

Shell also has interests in Albania.

Asia (including the Middle East and Russia)

Brunei

Shell and the Brunei government are 50:50 shareholders in Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad (BSP). BSP has long-term onshore and offshore oil and gas concession rights and sells most of its gas production to Brunei LNG Sendirian Berhad, with the remainder sold in the domestic market.

In addition to our interest in BSP, we have a non-operated interest in the offshore Block B concession (Shell interest 35%) which is operated by TotalEnergies. The gas and condensate are produced from the Maharaja Lela field.

We have a non-operated interest under a PSC in a gas-holding area for deep-water Block CA2, which is operated by Petronas. Shell's interest increased in 2023 from 12.5% to 20% when we acquired 7.5% from Petronas.

We operate the deep-water Block CA1 (Shell interest 86.95%), in which the Jagus East field is located, under a PSC. As referred to in the Malaysia section, the Jagus East field and the Geronggong field, held by BSP, form part of the unitised GKGJE field. In 2023, we relinquished the exploration acreage that formed part of Block CA1.

Iraq

Shell has a 44% interest in the Basrah Gas Company, which gathers, treats and processes associated gas that was previously flared from the Rumaila, West Qurna 1 and Zubair fields. Processed gas and associated products, such as condensate and LPG, are sold to the domestic market. Any surplus condensate and LPG is exported.

Kazakhstan

Shell is the joint operator with ENI S.p.A. of the onshore Karachaganak oil and condensate field (Shell interest 29.3%) and, in north-west Kazakhstan which covers more than 280 square kilometres.

We also have an interest in the North Caspian Sea PSA (Shell interest 16.8%) which includes the Kashagan field in the Kazakh sector of the Caspian Sea. The North Caspian Operating Company is the operator. This shallow-water field covers around 3,400 square kilometres.

We have a 7.4% interest in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), which owns and operates an oil pipeline running from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea across parts of Kazakhstan and Russia. We hold our interest in the CPC via three legal entities. Two of these are wholly owned by Shell and the other is a joint venture with Rosneft, Rosneft-Shell Caspian Ventures Ltd (Cyprus) (RSCV) (Shell interest 49%), which was formed in 1996 to own and manage pipeline capacity rights. We continue to manage our interest in CPC held through RSCV in full compliance with applicable laws, including sanctions.

Kuwait

The wholly owned Shell Kuwait Exploration and Production B.V. holds three Enhanced Technical Service Agreements with Kuwait Oil Company. These contracts run up to 2026 for Jurassic Gas and 2027 for Conventional Oil and Heavy Oil.

Malaysia

Shell explores for and produces oil and gas off the coast of Sabah and Sarawak under 19 PSCs, in which our interests range from 21% to 92.5%.

Offshore Sabah

We operate two producing oil fields: the Malikai deep-water field (Shell interest 35%) in the Block G PSC, and the unitised Gumusut-Kakap Geronggong-Jagus East (GKGJE) field which straddles the Malaysia-Brunei border (Shell interest 37.89%).

We hold a 50% participating interest in exploration phase Block 2W, SB-X PSC and ND6/7 PSCs. The exploration activities in Block ND6/7 PSC have been suspended because of Malaysia's border disputes with Indonesia.

We have non-operated interests of 21% in the unitised Siakap North-Petai deep-water field in Block G and 30% in the Kebabangan Cluster PSC.

In our non-operated portfolio, we hold exploration interests ranging from 25.1% to 40% in the Block SB 2K, N and SB2V PSCs.

Offshore Sarawak

We are the operator of eight producing gas fields and one producing oil and gas field holding interests ranging from 30% to 50%. Nearly all the gas produced offshore Sarawak is supplied to Malaysia LNG (MLNG) and to our gas-to-liquids plant in Bintulu. The fields are under the MLNG, SK308, SK408 and SK308 PSCs.

We are also the operator for the Block SK318 PSC. This block contains the Timi field (Shell interest 75%), and the Rosmari-Marjoram fields (Shell interest 80%). Rosmari is unitised between the Block SK318 PSC and Block SK316 PSC (no Shell interest) with the resulting Shell interest at 68%. Rosmari-Marjoram is a natural gas project situated around 220 kilometres off the coast of Bintulu, comprising a remotely operated offshore platform and onshore gas plant. Rosmari-Marjoram will mainly be powered by renewable energy from solar power offshore and hydroelectric power onshore. Timi achieved first gas in August 2023 and the gas is moved through an 80-kilometre pipeline to the F23 production hub.

We hold participating interests ranging from 70% to 92.5% in the exploration phase Block SK312, SK437, SK439 and SK440 PSCs. In March 2023, we signed one new PSC for Block SK3B (Shell interest 45%), a deep-water block, off the coast of Sarawak.

In our non-operated portfolio, we hold a 20% interest in the Pegaga field under the Block SK320 PSC and a 30% interest in the Jerun field which is part of the Block SK408 PSC. Jerun is a gas development with an integrated central processing platform. The Block SK408 PSC also contains the producing non-operated Larak and Bakong fields.

In March 2023, we divested our 50% interest in the offshore Block SK307 PSC and our 40% interest in the offshore Baram Delta Operations (BDO) PSC to Petroleum Sarawak Exploration & Production Sdn. Bhd.

Timi platform, powered by sun and wind, achieves first gas

Our unmanned solar- and wind-powered platform in the Timi gas field (Shell interest 75%) shows how we are working to produce energy with less emissions. Timi delivered first gas in August 2023 and is expected to produce up to 50,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day at peak production.

The Timi field is situated about 200 kilometres (km) off the coast of Sarawak, Malaysia, and is part of our operated SK318 production-sharing contract. Timi features Shell's first wellhead platform in Malaysia that is powered by a solar and wind hybrid power system. The design demonstrates our Upstream business's ability to deliver projects that support a balanced energy transition. In addition to delivering value for shareholders with less emissions, Timi is also more cost efficient to operate because it is around 60% lighter in weight than a conventional drilling wellhead platform that relies on oil and gas for power.

The field qualifies as a critical habitat because it lies within the Luconia Shoals National Park where migratory mammals, turtles and coral reefs are found. The project therefore required a biodiversity action plan designed with conservation initiatives in collaboration with the local university.

Timi is not the only Shell asset in Malaysia powered by renewable energy. In May 2020, we produced first gas from a fully solar-powered platform in the Gorek field, about 145 km offshore Malaysia. In 2022, we took the final investment decision on the Rosmari-Marjoram gas project, the largest integrated offshore and onshore project in Sarawak, which will be primarily powered by renewable energy.

Shell retains a strong presence in Malaysia's upstream, gas-to-liquids, downstream and business services sectors. We remain committed to supporting the country's economic progress and energy transition efforts through competitive and resilient investments.

Oman

Shell has a 34% interest in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), which operates the Block 6 oil concession. Shell is entitled to 34% of oil produced from Block 6 through its interest in Private Oil Holdings Oman Ltd. The government of Oman has a 60% interest in PDO and the Block 6 oil concession through its wholly owned company, Energy Development Oman (EDO). PDO operates a concession area of about 90,000 square kilometres and has more than 200 producing oil fields.

We have a 50% interest in Block 42 under an Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement (EPSA) where Shell is the operator. The other 50% interest is held by the government through its wholly owned company, OQ. We have a 100% interest in Block 55 under an EPSA.

Russia

In the first quarter of 2022, Shell announced its intent to withdraw in a phased manner from its involvement in all Russian hydrocarbons, including crude oil, petroleum products, gas and LNG. In connection with this:

• On February 22, 2023, Shell completed the sale of its 50% interest in the CJSC Khanty-Mansiysk Petroleum Alliance to a subsidiary of GazpromNeft (GPN); and
• On March 3, 2023, Shell completed the sale of its 50% interest in Salym Petroleum Development LLC to a subsidiary of GPN. Salym Petroleum Development N.V. (SPD), a joint operation with GPN which was formerly developing the Salym project and in which Shell previously had a 50% interest, was liquidated in December 2023, and its wholly owned subsidiary Salym Petroleum Services B.V. was liquidated in November 2023.

Syria

Shell holds a 65% interest in Syria Shell Petroleum Development B.V. (SSPD), a joint venture between Shell and the China National Petroleum Corporation. SSPD holds a 31.25% interest in Al Furat Petroleum Company, a Syrian joint stock company, whose role was to perform petroleum operations. Shell also holds a 70% interest in two exploration licences via Shell South Syria Exploration B.V. In December 2011, in compliance with international sanctions on Syria, including European Council Decision 2011/782/CFSP, Shell suspended all exploration and production activities in Syria. SSPD continued to fulfil minimum contractual obligations towards the Syrian finance and labour ministries, in compliance with applicable trade control laws. In 2023, as part of the minimum contractual obligations, payments for taxes related to salary and social security amounted to $1,350.

Rest of Middle East and Asia

Shell also has interests in the United Arab Emirates.

Africa

Nigeria

Shell operates a number of interests in onshore and offshore oil exploration and production assets in Nigeria.

Onshore

The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC) is the operator of the SPDC joint venture (SPDC JV, Shell interest 30%) which has 15 Niger Delta onshore oil mining leases (OMLs).

SPDC also has three shallow-water oil mining leases (OML 74, 77 and 79) and a 40% interest in the non-operated Sunlink joint venture, which has one shallow-water lease (OML 144).

On January 16, 2024, Shell agreed to sell SPDC to Renaissance, subject to approvals by the Federal Government of Nigeria and other conditions. As part of the transaction, parties have agreed a sharing mechanism that, upon completion, will give Shell an interest in the performance of the export feedgas business going forward. Shell will retain its interest in one shallow-water lease (OML 144).

Offshore

Our main offshore deep-water activities are carried out by our wholly owned subsidiary Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company Limited (SNEPCo). SNEPCo has interests in three deep-water blocks that are under PSC terms: the producing assets Bonga (OML 118) and Erha (OML 133), and the non-producing asset Bolia Chota (OML 135). SNEPCo operates OML 118 (Shell interest 55%), including the Bonga field FPSO vessel. We also operate OML 135, encompassing the Bolia and Doro fields (Shell interest 55%). We have a 43.8% non-operated interest in OML 133 (including the Erha FPSO).

Authorities have investigated our involvement in the 2011 settlement of litigation pertaining to OPL 245.

Business update

In 2021, the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) entered into effect, creating a new regulatory framework for the petroleum industry in Nigeria. The PIA introduces significant changes and we are actively engaged in the implementation process to ensure that these changes are implemented in a timely manner in our operations.

Security issues, sabotage and crude oil theft in the Niger Delta continued and remained significant challenges to our onshore operations in 2023. We will continue to monitor the situation closely and evaluate implications for the integrity of our infrastructure and the sustainability of our current operations. We continue to put the safety of our employees and contractors first.

In our Nigerian operations, we face various risks and adverse conditions which could have a significant adverse effect on our operational performance, earnings, cash flows and financial condition.

There are limitations to the extent to which we can mitigate these risks. We monitor the security situation, and liaise with host communities, governmental and non-governmental organisations to help promote peaceful and safe operations for our people and local communities. We test the economic and operational resilience of our Nigerian projects against a wide range of assumptions and scenarios. We seek to proportionally share risks and funding commitments with joint-venture partners. When we participate in joint ventures in Nigeria, we require that they operate in accordance with good industry practice. Upon completion of the announced sale (subject to regulatory approvals and other conditions) of our onshore Nigeria business, our exposure to these risks are expected to reduce. Shell has other businesses in Nigeria that are outside the scope of the announced transaction.

We support the Nigerian government's efforts to improve the efficiency, functionality and domestic benefits of Nigeria's oil and gas industry. We report spills and how we respond to spills, including those that are caused by third-party interference. We implement a maintenance strategy to support sustainable equipment reliability and we have a multi-year programme to reduce routine flaring of associated gas.

Rest of Africa

Shell also has interests in Algeria, Mauritania, Namibia, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Africa and Tunisia.

In 2021, Shell announced plans to hand back upstream assets associated with the Miskar and Hasdrubal concessions to the government of Tunisia. In June 2022, Shell handed back the Miskar concession upon its expiry. Discussions continue regarding the Hasdrubal early relinquishment.

North America

USA

The majority of our oil and gas interests in the USA comprise leases for federal offshore blocks in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Such leases usually have a fixed primary term and, once production is established, remain in effect through continued production, subject to compliance with the relevant terms and provisions (including applicable laws and regulations).

In February 2023, we completed the sale of our 100% interest in Shell Onshore Ventures LLC, which held a 51.8% membership interest in Aera Energy LLC, an onshore production entity located in California.

Shell holds an interest in one licence in the North Slope area of Alaska. In 2020, we received regulatory approval to combine our near-shore leases in West Harrison Bay into a single unit. Shell is seeking a co-owner to operate the unit.

Gulf of Mexico

Shell's major production area in the USA is the Gulf of Mexico. We have a total of 288 active federal offshore leases, where Shell is the operator, and 116 active federal offshore leases, where Shell has a non-operated interest.

We are the operator of nine production hubs: Mars (Shell interests 33.7% to 100%), Olympus (Shell interests 71.5% to 100%), Auger (Shell interests 27.5% to 100%), Perdido (Shell interests 33.3% to 40%), Ursa (Shell interests 45.4% to 100%), Enchilada/Salsa (Shell interests 37.5% to 75%), Appomattox (Shell interest 79%), Vito (Shell interest 63.1%), and Stones (Shell interest 100%). We also have an interest in the West Delta 143 offshore processing facilities (Shell interest 71.5%).

We continue to produce from the Coulomb field (Shell interest 100%) which ties into the Na Kika platform (Shell interest 50%) co-owned and operated by BP Exploration and Production Inc.

We continued exploration, development and decommissioning activities in the Gulf of Mexico in 2023.

In February 2023, we began production at Vito (Shell interest 63.1%), a Shell-operated production hub located approximately 10 miles (16 kilometres) south of the Shell-operated Mars hub. Vito is expected to produce up to 100,000 boe/d.

In March 2023, we announced our FID for Dover (Shell interest 100%), a planned subsea tieback to the Shell-operated Appomattox (Shell interest 79%) production hub. Dover is expected to start production in late 2024/early 2025 and produce up to 21,000 boe/d.

In December 2023, FID was taken on the Sparta development (Shell interest 51%). This will be a Shell-operated production hub, which straddles four blocks of the Garden Banks area and replicates much of the Vito and Whale topsides design. The Sparta development is expected to reach first oil in 2028 and reach peak production of approximately 90,000 boe/d.

FID was also taken on the Perdido Phase 3 development, a planned subsea tieback campaign delivering three wells in the Great White unit to increase production at the Shell-operated Perdido spar (Shell interests 33.3% to 40%). After completion of this campaign in April 2025, these wells collectively are expected to produce up to 22,000 boe/d at peak production.

In 2023, we continued to build our Gulf of Mexico portfolio through inorganic growth, acquiring an additional 20% working interest in the Kaikias field (Shell interest now 100%). Kaikias is a subsea tieback to the Shell-operated Ursa production hub (Shell interests 45.4% to 100%).

In early 2024, the Whale production hub (Shell interest 60%) arrived at its offshore destination in the Alaminos Canyon area. Whale is expected to start production in late 2024 and reach a peak production of approximately 100,000 boe/d.

In February 2024, we began production at Rydberg (Shell interest 80%), a subsea tie-back to the Shell-operated Appomattox production hub (Shell interest 79%). Rydberg is expected to produce up to 14,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day (boe/d) at peak rates.

Simplified platforms lower costs and emissions in Gulf of Mexico

Our oil and gas business is working to generate more value from our assets with less emissions, while providing the energy the world needs. In the US Gulf of Mexico, we are the leading operator and have one of the lowest greenhouse gas intensities in the world for producing oil, compared with those of other members of the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers.

Our operated deep-water platform Vito (Shell interest 63.1%) started production in 2023. Vito is a third the size of its original design, which will reduce its emissions by around 80% over its operating life. We are using the same design concept for our operated Whale facility (Shell interest 60%), which is expected to start production in 2024.

In December 2023, we took the final investment decision to build the Sparta platform (Shell interest 51%), which will be our 15th deep-water host in the Gulf of Mexico. Its design is based on decades of technical expertise and showcases our simplified approach to designing platforms. The Sparta development will be the first of Shell’s replicable projects to feature all-electric topsides equipment, significantly reducing GHG intensity and emissions. Sparta is expected to start production in 2028.

Rest of North America

Shell also has deep-water licences and one shallow-water licence in Mexico.

South America

Argentina

Shell has interests in the onshore Vaca Muerta Basin in the Neuquén Province. We are the operator of the Cruz de Lorena, Sierras Blancas, Coiron Amargo Sur Oeste (Shell interest 90% each), and Bajada de Añelo (Shell interest 50%) areas. We have non-operated interests in the areas of Rincon La Ceniza and La Escalonada (Shell interest 45% each), both operated by Total Austral S.A., and in the Bandurria Sur area (Shell interest 30%), operated by YPF S.A. We are the administrator in a joint property agreement that regulates the operation of the pipeline (Shell interest 60%) which connects Sierras Blancas and the regional distribution network. Shell has a participating interest in an oil pipeline located in the northern area of the basin which connects to the Pacific Evacuation Route (Shell interest 13.3%), operated by YPF S.A.

In the north-western Argentina basin, we have a non-operated interest in the onshore Acambuco area (Shell interest 22.5%), operated by Pan American Energy.

In addition to the producing interests, we are the operator of two frontier exploration blocks offshore Argentina (Shell interest 60% each) and we have a non-operated interest in an adjacent block (Shell interest 30%), operated by Equinor.

Brazil

Shell's operated assets in Brazil consist of the Bijupirá and Salema fields (Shell interest 80% each), which are being decommissioned; the producing BC-10 field (Shell interest 50%) in the Campos Basin; the Gato do Mato and the adjacent Sul de Gato do Mato areas in the Santos Basin (Shell interest 50%), subject to unitisation and with development options under evaluation. We also hold interests in exploration blocks: 11 in the Santos Basin (Shell interests 70% to 100%), six blocks in the Barreirinhas Basin (Shell interests 50% to 100%), five blocks in the Campos Basin (Shell interests 40% to 100%) and one block in the Potiguar Basin (Shell interest 100%).

Our non-operated portfolio consists of eight producing fields in the offshore Santos Basin: the Sapinhoá field (Shell interest 30%, operated by Petrobras and straddling the BM-S-9 and Entorno de Sapinhoá blocks already unitised); the Lapa field (Shell interest 30% in Block BM-S-9A, operated by TotalEnergies); the Berbigão and Sururu fields (Shell interest 25% in Block BM-S-11A, operated by Petrobras and subject to ongoing unitisation agreement discussions); the Atapu field (Shell interest 16.7% and straddling the BM-S-11A and Atapu PSC area already unitised); the Tupi field (Shell interest 23%, already unitised, in Block BM-S-11 and operated by Petrobras); the Iracema field (Shell interest 25% in Block BM-S-11 and operated by Petrobras); and the Mero field in the Libra PSC area (Shell interest 19.3%, already unitised with an adjoining open area and operated by Petrobras).

In addition to the producing assets, we hold interests in five non-operated exploration blocks: three in the Santos Basin (Shell interests 20% to 40%, operated by Petrobras) and two in the Potiguar Basin (Shell interests 40%, both operated by Petrobras).

In December 2023, the Sepetiba FPSO production started in the Mero field. Mero is expected to receive two more FPSOs and start producing from these by the end of 2025.

Rest of South America

Shell also has interests in Suriname and Uruguay.

Trading and Supply

Shell markets and trades crude oil from most of its Upstream operations.