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Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) comprise carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride and nitrogen trifluoride. The data are calculated using locally regulated methods where they exist. Where there is no locally regulated method, the data are calculated using the 2009 API Compendium, which is the recognised industry standard under the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. There are inherent limitations to the accuracy of such data. Oil and gas industry guidelines (IPIECA/API/IOGP) indicate that several sources of uncertainty can contribute to the overall uncertainty of a corporate emissions inventory. 2015 – 2017 emissions are calculated using Global Warming Potential factors from the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report. Data for prior years were calculated using Global Warming Potential factors from the IPCC’s Second Assessment Report.

We have updated our 2015-2016 figures following review of data.

These emissions were calculated using the market-based approach in line with the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard.

The term upstream in this context includes assets and activities from our Upstream, Integrated Gas and Oil Sands operations.

Nigeria includes SPDC onshore operations (0.6 million tonnes flared in 2017) and SNEPCo offshore operations (0.1 million tonnes flared in 2017). Flaring from the Majnoon field in Iraq and from Malaysia amounted to 0.9 and 0.1 million tonnes of hydrocarbons respectively in 2017. Due to the rounding of numbers, flaring volumes for Nigeria and the rest of the world might not add up to the exact total volume of flaring.

Since 2012, data are prepared in accordance with IPIECA/API/IOGP guidance 2010. Data for prior years are not directly comparable.

Data are indexed to 2002, based on Solomon Associates Energy Intensity Index 2006 methodology.

All spill volumes and numbers are for spills over 100 kilograms. Due to the rounding of numbers, spill volumes for Nigeria and the rest of the world might not add up to the exact total volume of spills.

As of the end of March 2018, there were 3 spills under investigation in Nigeria that may result in adjustments.

Spills data for 2016 have been updated for Nigeria following completion of investigations.

All sabotage- and theft-related spills have occurred in Nigeria except in 2016 (one spill of 0.001 thousand tonnes) and 2015 (one spill of 0.005 thousand tonnes).

Nigeria includes SPDC onshore operations and SNEPCo offshore operations. A single spill at the Bonga offshore field, Nigeria, amounted to 4.8 thousand tonnes in 2011.

Nigeria includes SPDC onshore operations (8 operational spills in 2017) and SNEPCo offshore operations (1 operational spill in 2017).

2017 data reflect 4 spills caused by Hurricane Harvey in the USA.

We have updated our 2016 figures following review of data.

In 2017, we sent waste off-site for recycling or reuse, or sold close to 600 thousand tonnes of material that would otherwise have been disposed of as waste.