Greenhouse gas and energy data

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Net carbon intensity (NCI)

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

NET CARBON INTENSITY [A] [D]

Net carbon intensity

gCO₂e/MJ

77

75

78

79

–

Estimated total energy delivered by Shell

trillion (10^12) MJ

17.89

18.40

21.05

22.00

21.44

–

Share of energy delivered per energy product type [B] [E]

Oil products and GTL

%

45

47

56

55

54

–

Gas

%

25

21

17

21

23

–

LNG

%

18

19

18

16

15

–

Biofuels

%

1

–

Power

%

12

9

7

–

Total estimated greenhouse gas emissions covered by the net carbon intensity calculation [C]

million tonnes CO₂e

1,375

1,384

1,646

1,731

1,688

–

Carbon intensity of energy products type [F] [G]

Oil products and GTL

gCO₂e/MJ

91

89

88

89

–

Gas

gCO₂e/MJ

66

67

66

67

–

LNG

gCO₂e/MJ

70

71

–

Biofuels

gCO₂e/MJ

41

38

39

37

39

–

Power

gCO₂e/MJ

66

48

57

62

60

–

[A]	The NCI calculation uses Shell’s energy product sales volume data, as disclosed in the Annual Report and Sustainability Report. This excludes certain contracts held for trading purposes and reported net rather than gross. Business-specific methodologies to net volumes have been applied in oil products and pipeline gas and power. Paper trades that do not result in physical product delivery are excluded. Retail sales volumes from markets where Shell operates under trademark licensing agreements are also excluded from the scope of Shell’s carbon intensity metric.
[B]	Percentage of delivered energy may not add up to 100% because of rounding.
[C]	Total CO₂e emissions estimated using Shell's Net Carbon Footprint value and the estimate of total delivered energy. Note that this estimated value is calculated from the portfolio average intensity value, which is determined in Shell's Net Carbon Footprint calculation. It is only intended to give an indication of the scope of the emissions included within Shell's Net Carbon Footprint; it does not represent an inventory of emissions. Carbon offsets for 2019, 2020 and 2021 were included in the total estimated GHG emissions covered by the Net Carbon Footprint calculation.
[D]	Acquisitions and divestments are included in the actual performance tracking with the target and reference year unchanged. Note that acquisition and divestments could have a material impact on meeting the targets.
[E]	Lower heating values are used for the energy content of the different products and a fossil-equivalence approach is used to account for electrical energy, so that it is assessed on the same basis as our other energy products.
[F]	In 2021, emissions included in carbon intensity of power have been calculated using the market-based method.
[G]	The carbon intensity of biofuels reflects the global average for biofuels sold by Shell for 2021.

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Sales of gas and power produced by third parties

Unit

2021

2020

2019 [A]

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Gas

tBtu

3,630

3,009

2,720

3,246

3,276

–

Power

TWh

247

252

207

179

165

–

In certain cases, prior to 2019, it was not possible to disaggregate sales of Shell and third-party gas volumes. To avoid double-counting these sales volumes were not included in the above figures.
[A]	From 2019, gas and power sales volumes are reported based on a revised methodology. Sales volumes reported exclude those related to pure trading activities.

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Scope 1 GHG emissions (operational control) [A] [B] [C] [D]

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1)

million tonnes CO₂e

60

63

70

71

73

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

million tonnes

58

61

67

69

70

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Methane (CH₄)

thousand tonnes

55

67

91

92

123

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)

thousand tonnes

1

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

tonnes

25

30

29

31

22

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆)

tonnes

0.01

0.01

0.03

0.01

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Perfluorocarbons (PFC)

tonnes

0

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃)

tonnes

0

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Scope 1 emissions by business

Upstream

million tonnes CO₂e

11.7

12.8

12.9

14.8

19.6

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Integrated Gas

million tonnes CO₂e

15.5

14.1

16.3

13.0

12.0

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Downstream

million tonnes CO₂e

32.6

35.8

40.2

42.7

41.1

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Refining [E]

million tonnes CO₂e

20.1

23.4

28.0

29.1

27.8

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Chemicals

million tonnes CO₂e

11.0

10.8

10.5

11.6

11.4

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Other Downstream [F]

million tonnes CO₂e

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.1

2.0

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Other [G]

million tonnes CO₂e

0.2

0.2

0.8

0.2

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Scope 1 emissions by country

USA

million tonnes CO₂e

13

16

19

20

18

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Middle East

million tonnes CO₂e

9

10

11

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Netherlands

million tonnes CO₂e

7

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Singapore

million tonnes CO₂e

5

6

7

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Australia

million tonnes CO₂e

5

4

7

4

3

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Canada

million tonnes CO₂e

5

6

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Nigeria

million tonnes CO₂e

5

4

5

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Germany

million tonnes CO₂e

3

4

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Malaysia

million tonnes CO₂e

2

3

2

3

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

United Kingdom

million tonnes CO₂e

2

3

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

International waters

million tonnes CO₂e

1

2

1

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Rest of the world

million tonnes CO₂e

2

3

4

5

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Scope 1 emissions by source

CO₂ emissions

million tonnes

58

61

67

69

70

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Combustion

million tonnes

47

50

53

54

53

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Flaring

million tonnes

5

4

7

6

9

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Venting and process

million tonnes

6

8

9

8

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Fugitives

million tonnes

0

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

CH₄ emissions

thousand tonnes

55

67

91

92

123

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Combustion

thousand tonnes

7

11

13

12

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Flaring

thousand tonnes

19

15

19

18

27

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Venting and process

thousand tonnes

22

29

44

45

62

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Fugitives

thousand tonnes

7

12

15

16

23

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Other greenhouse gases

million tonnes CO₂e

0.2

0.3

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Methane (CH₄) emissions

Methane emissions in CO₂ equivalent [H]

million tonnes CO₂e

1.4

1.7

2.3

3.1

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Methane emissions intensity - assets with marketed gas

%

0.06

0.06

0.08

–

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Methane emissions intensity - assets without marketed gas

%

0.01

0.01

–

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Upstream flaring [I]

GHG emissions from flaring

million tonnes CO₂e

4.5

3.8

5.9

5.2

8.2

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Total hydrocarbons flared

million tonnes

1.3

1.1

1.8

1.5

2.5

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Nigeria

million tonnes

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.8

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Rest of the world

million tonnes

0.4

0.5

1.2

1.0

1.7

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

Total hydrocarbons flared - routine

million tonnes

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.6

1.2

–

Total hydrocarbons flared - non-routine

million tonnes

1.0

0.8

1.4

0.9

1.3

–

Upstream Flaring Intensity [J]

%

0.8

0.6

0.9

0.8

1.1

–

GHG emissions from exported energy [K]

million tonnes CO₂e

3

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.2

305-1

[A]	Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) comprise carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride and nitrogen trifluoride. The data are calculated using locally regulated methods where they exist. Where there is no locally regulated method, the data are calculated using the 2009 API Compendium, which is the recognised industry standard under the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. There are inherent limitations to the accuracy of such data. Oil and gas industry guidelines (IPIECA/API/IOGP) indicate that several sources of uncertainty can contribute to the overall uncertainty of a corporate emissions inventory. We have estimated the overall uncertainty for our direct GHG emissions to be around 4% for 2021.
[B]	GHG emissions were calculated using global warming potential (GWP) factors from the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report. For comparison, our Scope 1 emissions would have been 60 million tonnes in 2021 if we were to use GWPs from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report.
[C]	We have updated some of our historical figures following a review of the data.
[D]	GHG emissions in this table do not include carbon credits.
[E]	Includes Scotford Upgrader and Quest Carbon Capture and Storage.
[F]	Includes emissions from other Downstream assets and activities (e.g. shipping, lubricants, trading & supply). Includes oil sands mining until its divestment on May 31, 2017.
[G]	Includes emissions from assets and activities reported by Projects & Technology business and Global Functions.
[H]	Methane emissions were converted to CO₂ equivalents using GWP from the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report. For comparison, our methane emissions would have been 1.5 million tonnes in CO₂ equivalents in 2021 if we were to use GWPs from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report.
[I]	Includes Upstream and Integrated Gas businesses.
[J]	Calculated as total hydrocarbons flared divided by sum of total oil and gas wellhead production, LNG and GTL production x 100%.
[K]	GHG emissions related to energy production (in the form of electricity, heat or steam) that was exported to another facility or public grid. This is a subset of our Scope 1 GHG emissions.

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Scope 2 GHG emissions (operational control) [A] [B] [C]

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Scope 2 emissions - market-based method

million tonnes CO₂e

8

10

11

12

CCE-4

–

305-2

Scope 2 emissions - location-based method

million tonnes CO₂e

9

10

11

CCE-4

–

305-2

Scope 2 emissions by business (market-based method)

Upstream

million tonnes CO₂e

0.6

0.6

1.1

1.4

CCE-4

–

305-2

Integrated Gas

million tonnes CO₂e

1.4

1.5

1.6

2.4

CCE-4

–

305-2

Downstream

million tonnes CO₂e

5.6

6.0

6.9

6.8

7.5

CCE-4

–

305-2

Other

million tonnes CO₂e

0.1

0.1

0.2

CCE-4

–

305-2

Scope 2 emissions by country (market-based method)

USA

million tonnes CO₂e

2.6

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.1

CCE-4

–

305-2

Netherlands

million tonnes CO₂e

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.8

1.9

CCE-4

–

305-2

Australia

million tonnes CO₂e

1.3

1.4

1.6

2.4

2.3

CCE-4

–

305-2

Canada

million tonnes CO₂e

1.2

1.3

2.3

2.0

2.7

CCE-4

–

305-2

Singapore

million tonnes CO₂e

0.5

0.5

0.6

CCE-4

–

305-2

Germany

million tonnes CO₂e

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.7

CCE-4

–

305-2

Rest of the world

million tonnes CO₂e

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

CCE-4

–

305-2

Scope 2 emissions by business (location-based method)

Upstream

million tonnes CO₂e

0.6

0.6

1.1

1.2

1.4

CCE-4

–

305-2

Integrated Gas

million tonnes CO₂e

2.6

2.7

2.4

2.3

CCE-4

–

305-2

Downstream

million tonnes CO₂e

5.5

6.1

7.1

6.8

7.4

CCE-4

–

305-2

Other

million tonnes CO₂e

0.1

0.2

CCE-4

–

305-2

Scope 2 emissions by country (location-based method)

USA

million tonnes CO₂e

2.6

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.1

CCE-4

–

305-2

Australia

million tonnes CO₂e

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.3

CCE-4

–

305-2

Netherlands

million tonnes CO₂e

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.7

1.9

CCE-4

–

305-2

Canada

million tonnes CO₂e

1.2

1.4

2.3

2.0

2.7

CCE-4

–

305-2

Singapore

million tonnes CO₂e

0.5

0.5

0.6

CCE-4

–

305-2

Germany

million tonnes CO₂e

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

CCE-4

–

305-2

Rest of the world

million tonnes CO₂e

0.3

0.4

0.3

CCE-4

–

305-2

[A]	Split by business or country may not add up to total due to rounding.
[B]	We have updated some of our historical figures following a review of the data.
[C]	We estimated the uncertainty of our 2021 Scope 2 GHG emissions to be around 6% (both market- and location-based methods).

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GHG intensities (operational control)

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Upstream and Integrated Gas GHG intensity [A]

tonne CO₂e/tonne production

0.172

0.159

0.168

0.158

0.166

CCE-4

–

305-4

Upstream and Integrated Gas GHG intensity [B]

kg CO₂e/boe

22

21

22

21

22

CCE-4

–

305-4

Refinery GHG intensity [C]

tonne CO₂e/UEDC^TM

1.05

1.05

1.06

1.05

1.14

CCE-4

–

305-4

Chemical GHG intensity [D]

tonne CO₂e/tonne production

0.95

0.98

1.04

0.96

0.95

CCE-4

–

305-4

[A]	In tonnes of Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions per tonne of oil and gas available for sale, liquefied natural gas and gas-to-liquids production in Integrated Gas and Upstream. 2021 figure does not include Prelude Floating Liquified Natural Gas (FLNG).
[B]	In kilograms of Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions per boe of oil and gas available for sale, liquefied natural gas and gas-to-liquids production in Integrated Gas and Upstream. 2021 figure does not include Prelude Floating Liquified Natural Gas (FLNG).
[C]	UEDC^TM (Utilised Equivalent Distillation Capacity) is a proprietary metric of Solomon Associates. It is a complexity-weighted normalisation parameter that reflects the operating cost intensity of a refinery based on size and configuration of its particular mix of process and non-process facilities.
[D]	High-value chemicals include olefin products (ethylene and propylene) plus the contained butadiene, benzene, acetylene, and high-purity hydrogen production.

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Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions (equity boundary) [A]

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1)

million tonnes CO₂e

91

98

105

102

97

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Upstream

million tonnes CO₂e

18.5

20.1

21.7

22.2

25.4

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Integrated Gas

million tonnes CO₂e

24.5

24.2

25.9

25.2

24.1

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Downstream

million tonnes CO₂e

47.6

53.2

57.3

53.8

47.1

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Other

million tonnes CO₂e

0.2

0.2

0.8

0.3

CCE-4

EM-EP-110a.1

305-1

Scope 2 emissions (market-based method)

million tonnes CO₂e

9

11

13

CCE-4

–

305-2

Upstream

million tonnes CO₂e

0.7

0.7

1.2

1.3

CCE-4

–

305-2

Integrated Gas

million tonnes CO₂e

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.8

2.0

CCE-4

–

305-2

Downstream

million tonnes CO₂e

6.7

7.1

8.0

7.7

9.2

CCE-4

–

305-2

Other

million tonnes CO₂e

0.1

0.1

0.2

CCE-4

–

305-2

Scope 2 emissions (location-based method)

million tonnes CO₂e

10

12

11

13

–

Upstream

million tonnes CO₂e

0.7

0.8

1.2

1.3

CCE-4

–

305-2

Integrated Gas

million tonnes CO₂e

1.8

1.7

1.8

2.0

CCE-4

–

305-2

Downstream

million tonnes CO₂e

7.0

7.5

8.3

7.6

9.5

CCE-4

–

305-2

Other

million tonnes CO₂e

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.2

CCE-4

–

305-2

[A]	Split by business may not add up to total due to rounding.

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Scope 3 GHG emissions [A] [B]

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Purchased goods and services (Category 1)

Third-party products [C]

million tonnes CO₂e

147

147

178

190

186

CCE-4

–

305-3

Fuel and energy-related activities (not included in Scope 1 or Scope 2) (Category 3)

Third-party power [D]

million tonnes CO₂e

136

103

102

96

87

CCE-4

–

305-3

Downstream Transportation and Distribution (Category 9)

Sold own energy products [E]

million tonnes CO₂e

6

–

305-3

Use of sold products (Category 11)

Use of sold products [F]

million tonnes CO₂e

1,010

1,054

1,271

1,351

1,318

CCE-4

–

305-3

Own production [G]

million tonnes CO₂e

380

452

564

594

582

CCE-4

–

305-3

Third-party products [H]

million tonnes CO₂e

630

602

708

757

736

CCE-4

–

305-3

[A]	The values in this table reflect estimated Scope 3 emissions included in our net carbon intensity. This excludes certain contracts held for trading purposes and reported net rather than gross. Business-specific methodologies to net volumes have been applied in oil products and pipeline gas and power. Paper trades that do not result in physical product delivery are excluded. Retail sales volumes from markets where Shell operates under trademark licensing agreements are also excluded from the scope of Shell’s carbon intensity metric.
[B]	Estimated emissions from other Scope 3 categories are published on www.shell.com/ghg. 2021 data will be available in June 2022.
[C]	This category includes estimated well-to-tank emissions from purchased third-party refined oil products, natural gas, LNG, crude oil and biofuels.
[D]	This category includes estimated well-to-wire emissions from generation of purchased power included in our net carbon intensity.
[E]	Estimated emissions from transportation and distribution of sold own oil products, LNG, GTL, natural gas, and biofuels.
[F]	This category includes estimated emissions from sales volumes of oil products, natural gas, LNG, GTL and biofuels.
[G]	This category includes estimated emissions from our refinery production, natural gas, LNG and GTL products.
[H]	Estimated as the difference between own production and total sold products.

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Other greenhouse gas data (operational control)

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Carbon capture and storage and CO₂ transfer out

CO₂ captured and stored

million tonnes

1.05

0.94

1.13

1.07

1.14

CCE-3

EM-EP-530a.1

305-5

CO₂ transferred out [A]

million tonnes

0.33

0.30

0.43

0.46

0.45

CCE-3

EM-EP-530a.1

305-5

Biogenic CO₂

Biogenic CO₂ [B]

thousand tonnes

3.60

0.27

0.00

9.70

–

[A]	CO₂ captured and transferred to another organisation (for example, sold or given for free) as product or feedstock. It is not included in our Scope 1 emissions.
[B]	Direct biogenic CO₂. It is not included in our Scope 1 emissions.

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Carbon credits

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Total carbon credits retired

Included in net carbon intensity

million tonnes

5.1

3.9

2.2

0.0

–

EM-EP-530a.1

305-5

Other carbon credits

million tonnes

1.3

0.4

0.5

n/c

–

EM-EP-530a.1

305-5

n/c = not collected

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Energy use (operational control) [A]

Unit

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

IPIECA

SASB

GRI

Total energy use

million MWh

223

241

264

268

269

CCE-6

–

302-1

Own energy generated

million MWh

202

219

236

240

241

CCE-6

–

302-1

Imported electricity

million MWh

20

22

27

26

CCE-6

–

302-1

Imported steam and heat

million MWh

14

17

15

17

CCE-6

–

302-1

Exported electricity

million MWh

11

12

10

CCE-6

–

302-1

Exported steam and heat

million MWh

2

6

3

5

CCE-6

–

302-1

Consumption of energy from renewable sources

Renewable sources - onsite energy generation consumed

million MWh

0.004

0.005

n/c

CCE-6

–

302-1

Renewable sources - purchased electricity

million MWh

2.1

1.8

1.5

0.03

CCE-6

–

302-1

Renewable sources - purchased steam

million MWh

0.00

0.00

n/c

CCE-6

–

302-1

Renewable sources - electricity exported to grid

million MWh

0.5

0.4

n/c

CCE-6

–

302-1

Energy intensity

Upstream excl. oil sands, LNG and GTL

GJ/tonne production

1.14

1.15

1.07

1.06

1.05

CCE-6

–

302-1

Refineries: Refinery Energy Index [B]

Index

96.9

96.1

94.2

94.3

94.8

CCE-6

–

302-1

Chemical plants: chemicals energy intensity

GJ/tonne production

18.1

18.7

19.4

18.3

17.6

CCE-6

–

302-1

n/c = not collected
[A]	We have updated some of our historical figures following a review of the data.
[B]	Data are indexed to 2002, based on Solomon Associates Energy Intensity Index methodology.

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